For Native communities, the war became a struggle not only against soldiers but against starvation.

A community cannot fight effectively when it cannot plant crops.

It cannot move safely when enemy patrols control the roads and rivers.

It cannot shelter refugees indefinitely when food supplies are exhausted.

And it cannot easily replace people lost to disease, battle, hunger, and captivity.

The English understood this.

Their strategy increasingly focused on breaking the material foundations of Native resistance.

Native settlements and food stores were targeted.